Investors’ capital can take various forms aside from equity – examples include shareholder loans and hybrid capital instruments such as convertible bonds. Some vehicles are structured via a combination of equity participations and shareholder loans.

Under certain circumstances dividends are recorded as a liability but have not yet been legally distributed. For the determination of INREV NAV, these accrued dividends should be reversed to the NAV.

After initial recognition, investment property is valued at fair value under the fair value option of IAS 40. Therefore no adjustment had to be made as per 31 December 2017.

Development property is investment property under construction and valued at fair value under the fair value option of IAS 40. Therefore no adjustment had to be made as per 31 December 2017.

Assets in this category are measured under IFRS at the lower of cost or net realisable value in the financial statements.

Property that is leased to tenants under a finance lease is initially measured on a net investment basis and subsequently re-measured based on an amortisation pattern reflecting a constant rate of return.

Properties intended for sale and accounted for under IAS 2 (Inventory) are measured at the lower of cost or net realisable value in the financial statements.

Under IAS16 other investments in real assets are normally accounted for at cost.

Indirect investments in real estate, such as investments in associations and joint ventures, have different accounting treatments and carrying values under IFRS. Such investments can be valued at cost, fair value or NAV.

Financial assets and liabilities such as debt obligations are generally measured at amortised cost, taking into account any impairment when applicable.